BACKGROUND PAPER ON THE HISTORY OF FLUORIDE
Introduction:
Did you know fluoride is a prescription medicine? As someone who has no access to fluoridated water, I can not buy fluoride tablets over-the-counter. I must have a prescription because it’s a medicine that is toxic and has severe side effects if you ingest too much or have an intolerance to it. Read the label on toothpaste containing fluoride; it says its toxic. “Compulsory mass medication is medically evil, as well as socialistic. It is starkly clear that one key to any medication is control of the dose: Different people, at different stages of risk, need individual dosages tailored to their needs. And yet with water compulsorily fluoridated, the dose applies to everyone, and is necessarily proportionate to the amount of water one drinks.” Further, studies have shown that while kids aged five to nine may have their cavities reduced by fluoridation, the same kids at ages nine to 12 have more cavities, so that after 12 years of age the cavity benefits disappear.
During the 1940s and ’50s, when the successful push for fluoridation was underway, fluoridation proponents touted the controlled experiment of Newburgh and Kingston, two neighboring small cities in upstate New York, with much the same demographics. Newburgh had been fluoridated and Kingston had not, and the powerful pro-fluoridation establishment trumpeted the fact that ten years later, dental cavities in five- to nine-year-old kids in Newburgh were considerably lower than in Kingston (originally, the rates of every disease had been about the same in the two places). However, it was also noted, after ten years, both the cancer and the heart disease rates were now significantly higher in Newburgh. This fact is usually ignored in the scientific research you find online.
The US stands virtual alone in adding fluoride to its water; 98% of Europe does not and yet has shown the same decrease in cavities over the last 50 years (see chart below). The leading scientist opposing water fluoridation was a man by the name of Dr. George Waldbott. He warned the United States about the dangers of cigarette smoking and the allergic reaction to penicillin.
If fluoride is so beneficial to us why would the industrialist needing to get rid of their nuclear/industrial by-product (fluoride) need to hire Sigmund Freud’s nephew Edward Bernays (father of public relations)? Bernays was hired by the cigarette companies to convince us smoking cigarettes was healthy and good for us. Bernays, in corresponding with NYC Health Commission Dr Leona Baumgartner, confesses the campaign for fluoride interests him because it was related to ‘engineering consent’. In other words, social engineering compliance. In his own words “Bernays explained, “Those who manipulate the unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country … our minds are molded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of.” Results of Bernays efforts: Fluoride was largely known in the public’s mind as the chief ingredient of bug and rat poison; after the campaign, it was widely hailed as a safe provider of healthy teeth and gleaming smiles while still being used as rat poisoning.
As you read this paper, keep in mind fluorine in naturally fluoridated water comes in the form of calcium fluoride, the substance added to our water system is instead sodium fluoride (a toxic waste by product). The Establishment’s defense that “fluoride is fluoride” becomes unconvincing when we consider two points: (a) calcium is notoriously good for bones and teeth, so the anti-cavity effect in naturally fluoridated water might well be due to the calcium and not the fluorine; and (b) sodium fluoride happens to be the major by-product of the manufacture of aluminum/steel/uranium.
History:
Flourine is a chemical element under the category of halogens and is highly toxic, yellow diatomic gas (F2). Fluorine is from the mineral fluorite discover in 1529 and used as an additive to metal ores to lower melting points for smelting or pouring; as in flow or fluo giving it it’s name. It was originally proposed as an element in 1810 but was too dangerous to separate. Many scientists died during attempts to isolate it.
In 1886 Henri Moissan (France) achieved the separation using a unique low temperature electrolysis process. This process was used in industrial applications of fluorine gas for uranium enrichment which is its biggest use. Fluorine, the source of fluoride, was used in the Manhattan Project during WW2 to create the nuclear bomb.
Approximately half of all mined fluorite is used in steelmaking. Most of the rest of fluorite is used in aluminum refining by converting it into a highly corrosive hydrogen fluoride (cryolite). Cryolite is used as an insecticide/pesticide and gives fireworks a yellow color. “Molecules containing a carbon–fluorine bond often have very high chemical and thermal stability; their major uses are as refrigerants, electrical insulation and cookware, and PTFE (Teflon).” That’s correct, your teflon pans contain fluorine. This is important to understand because the ‘safe’ level of fluoride in drinking water was determine PRIOR to it being added to toothpaste, pan coating, pharmaceuticals etc.
While we are discussing aluminum, it’s important to keep in mind that bauxite is a mineral essential in the production of light metal aluminum (cookware). During the purification process (which is a German company’s (Bayer) patented process) the bauxite ore becomes aluminum oxide which is mixed with a specially prepared sodium fluoroaluminate which comes from the cryolite mentioned earlier plus sodium fluoride (rat poison). Aluminum cookware contains fluoride. Andrew Mellon of Pittsburg Reduction Company (later ALCOA) was the financial backer behind this process.
Fluoride is an inorganic (man made), monatomic anion of fluorine. Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion. Simply speaking, fluorine is manipulated to produce fluoride which is an industrial agent used to make atomic weapons and in steel and aluminum processes “…it needs to be stated that the 'substance' referred to as 'Fluoride' is a misnomer - there is no such substance listed in the periodic chart of the elements, nor in the prestigious CRC handbook, nor in the sacred 'bible' of the pharmaceutical industry - the illustrious 'Merck Index'. Instead, we find a GAS called Fluorine - and from the use of this gas in various industries such as aluminum manufacturing and the nuclear industry -certain toxic by-products are created which have 'captured' fluorine molecules. One such toxic, poisonous 'by-product' is called sodium Fluoride - which according to the Merck Index is primarily used as rat and cockroach poison and is also the active ingredient in most toothpastes and as an "additive to drinking water”.
The main chemicals used to fluoridate drinking water are known as “silicofluorides” (i.e., hydrofluorosilicic acid and sodium fluorosilicate). Silicofluorides are not pharmaceutical-grade fluoride products; they are unprocessed industrial by-products of the phosphate fertilizer industry. In other words, a waste product WR Grace sells for profit instead of disposing of as a hazardous waste item. Since these silicofluorides undergo no purification procedures, they can contain elevated levels of arsenic — more so than any other water treatment chemical. In addition, recent research suggests that the addition of silicofluorides to water is a risk factor for elevated lead exposure, particularly among residents who live in homes with old pipes because it breaks down the lead pipes over time.
Fluoride is a non-biodegradable substance, which, in people, accumulates in teeth and bone — perhaps strengthening kid’s teeth; but what about human bones? Two crucial bone problems caused by ingesting fluorides — brittleness and cancer — began to appear in studies, only to be systematically blocked by governmental agencies.
Speaking of which, the aluminum excavation and creation is how we ended up with fluoride in our drinking water. Several aluminum mining operations conducted by ALCOA increased the amount of fluoride in local drinking water. This led to children having noticeable browning of teeth and many dentists questioning why it was occurring. While children’s teeth enamel was forming, excessive amounts of fluoride in the water cause a browning effect. At the same time, there were antidotal evidence of a lesser amount of cavities occurring in these same children. There was no notable differences in anyone over the age of 12.
Historically, fluoride was quite expensive for the world’s premier chemical companies to dispose of - but in the 50's and 60's - Alcoa and the entire aluminum industry - with a vast overabundance of the toxic waste - SOMEHOW sold the FDA and our government on the idea of buying this toxin at a 20,000% markup and then adding it to our water supply as well as into the nation's toothpastes and dental rinse. Today, it’s an approximately $1B industry. Consider also that when fluoride is added to our drinking water, at approximately 1 part-per-million (ppm), we only drink a small percent of the total water supplied (toilets, washing dishes, watering the lawn (which adds fluoride to aquifers)), because a large amount of the hazardous chemical literally 'goes down the drain' and the chemical industry has not only a free hazardous waste disposal system - but we have also PAID them handsomely in the process!
Andrew Mellon was appointed as the Secretary of the Treasury under President Harding (1921-32); at the time the US Public Health Service was also under the jurisdiction of Secretary of the Treasury. It was not until 1939 that the USPHS was moved in an executive reorganization effort. By the time Mellon was appointed, there had been a 15 year controversial history of the toxic effects of aluminum (and fluoride). It was being used in medicine as sodium aluminum sulphate, in baking powders and in dentures. FDR ordered a study (many studies were done knowingly using medical ‘experts’ sponsored by those being looked into) be done and while no scientific studies were cited other than “responsible scientific mean and eminent medical authorities” they did make reference to one specific body of research: Mellon Institute of Industrial Research (Bulletin No. # of 1923). Mellon’s chief researcher in "Scientific American" of November, 1931, claimed "[Harry Van Osdall] Churchill had fluorine in mind, as a matter of fact. He had recalled that brewers once used to sterilize beer vats with a calcium fluoride solution, because it killed wild yeast, but that drinkers of the beer became afflicted with peculiar bone troubles, and the dismayed brewers ceased its use." So Mellon, owner of ALCOA, an aluminum baron was investigating the ill effects of fluoride that he was selling to avoid disposing of it as a hazardous waste.
H. Trendley Dean (hired by Mellon in 1921), assigned to the US Public Health Service, was tasked with exploring the browning of teeth issues. While Dean was a dentist by training, he apparently spent many years as an epidemiologist in Germany immediately following WW2 as well. Dean: “The August 1, 1943, Journal of The American Dental Association referenced Dean as acknowledging the difficulty of identifying an optimal concentration with the following quote, "The same amount of fluorine that causes a mild toxic reaction in one individual may cause a severe reaction in another. In other words, we are dealing with a low-grade chronic poisoning of the formative dental organ in which case some individuals may show a more severe reaction than others having a comparable fluorine intake." Dean's professional life was spent searching for an optimal level of fluoride that would prevent tooth decay yet avoid staining or otherwise damaging teeth.”
Back at the Mellon Institute, ALCOA's Pittsburgh industrial research lab, this news was galvanic. There, biochemist Gerald J. Cox immediately fluoridated some lab rats in a study and concluded that fluoride reduced cavities and that: "The case should be regarded as proved." Note that this proclamation occurred without any long term studies being conducted. In a historic moment in 1939, the first public proposal that the U.S. should fluoridate its water supplies was made not by a doctor, or dentist, but by Cox, an industry scientist working for a company threatened by fluoride damage claims and burdened by the odious expense of disposing of tons of toxic industrial waste. Cox began touring the country, stumping for fluoridation.
Further research was conducted by Mellon’s Institute: “Water samples of non-afflicted areas, where fluoride was found by the spectrographic method, contained in all cases less than 1 ppm. However, his quantitative chemical fluoride estimations were made with a modification of a method developed by Fairchild (originally used for fluoride estimation in rock phosphate) which was later criticized for giving far too high values even after further modification. It was rash to take the magic limit of 1 ppm literally at this time.” Basically, Churchill came up with 1 ppm after noting that the water supplies near ALCOA factories ranged from 2-13.7 but no water supply away from those sites were higher than 1.0. That’s literally the science behind it. But keep in mind what was said earlier, naturally occurring fluoride is calcium fluoride NOT sodium fluoride. One parts per million of naturally occurring calcium fluoride is not equal to and equal amount of a poison inorganic industrial waste product.
The University of Cincinnati's Kettering Laboratory, funded largely by top fluoride-emitters such as Alcoa, quickly dominated fluoride safety research. A book by Kettering scientist (and Reynolds Metals consultant) E. J. Largent, was admittedly written in part to "aid industry in lawsuits arising from fluoride damage.” “Dr. Robert Kehoe who headed up the laboratory at the University Of Cincinnati, spent his entire career telling the United States’ public health community that adding lead to gasoline was safe; that's now being discredited. He was also one of two leading public health scientists saying that adding fluoride to water was safe and good for children.”
It should also be noted that as WW2 was generating unprecedented fluoride waste product, Truman (1947) appointed Oscar Ewing administrator of the Federal Security Agency (FSA–now the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Attorney Oscar Ewing, a highly paid ($750,000 per year in 1947) ALCOA lawyer had been appointed by Harry Truman as head of the US Public Health Service. Obedient to the hidden agenda of the aluminum industry, he and Bernays (mentioned in the introduction) orchestrated a national fluoridation campaign that, over several years, fluoridated some 90 American cities. Oscar was being paid by ALCOA while working in the government overseeing the insertion of a waste product into our water system. Oscar Ewing demanded of Congress an appropriation of $2,500,000 for promotion of fluorides by his U.S.P.H.S. which Congress saw to it he received.
Oddly enough, despite a 1956 New York study of fluoride and its carcinogenic effects popping up since the 1940s, the federal government never conducted its own animal carcinogenicity test on fluorides. Finally, in 1975, biochemist John Yiamouyiannis and Dean Berk, a retired official of the federal government’s own National Cancer Institute (NCI), presented a paper before the annual meeting of the American Society of Biological Chemists. The paper reported a five to ten percent increase in total cancer rates in those U.S. cities which had fluoridated their water. Congressional hearings occurred two years later, government agencies were forced to admit to shocked congressmen that it had never tested fluoride for cancer. Congress ordered tests.
Twelve years later it’s findings: “equivocal evidence” that fluoride causes bone cancer in male rats. Under further direction of Congress, the NCI studied cancer trends in the United States, and found nationwide evidence of “a rising rate of bone and joint cancer at all ages,” especially in youth, in counties that had fluoridated their water, but no such rise was seen in “non-fluoridated” counties….In more detailed studies, for areas of Washington state and Iowa, NCI found that from the 1970s to the 1980s bone cancer for males under 20 had increased by 70 percent in the fluoridated areas of these states, but had decreased by four percent in the non-fluoridated areas”. While the data seems overwhelming NCI used the word ‘spurious’ to describe the results. In 1983 the Public Health Service formed a commission of world class experts who had grave concerns on adding fluoride to drinking water, especially for children. Their concern was bone issues (cancer) and heart damage. Their report was altered by SG Everett Koop without any discussion with the panel and changed to say, despite knowing otherwise, there was NO “scientific documentation” of any problems at fluoride levels below eight parts per million.
“In addition to the bone cancer studies in the late 1980s, evidence is piling up that fluorides leads to increased bone fractures. In the past two years, no less than eight epidemiological studies have indicated that fluoridation has increased the rate of bone fractures in males and females of all ages. Indeed, since 1957 the bone fracture rate among male youth has increased sharply in the United States, and the U.S. hip fracture rate is now the highest in the world. In fact, a study in the traditionally pro-fluoride Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), August 12, 1992, found that even “low levels of fluoride may increase the risk of hip fracture in the elderly.”
The government, not wanting this information to go without being addressed, announced another commission. “PHS official and longtime pro-fluoridationist Frank E. Young, predictably concluded that “no evidence” was found associating fluoride and cancer. On bone fractures, the commission blandly stated that “further studies are required.” But no further studies or soul-searching were needed for its conclusion: “The U.S. Public Health Service should continue to support optimal fluoridation of drinking water.”
Health Implications
Does fluoride negatively affect babies? "a study just published in JAMA Pediatrics. The study found that mothers who had consumed fluoridated tap water while they were pregnant tended to give birth to children who ended up having slightly lower IQ scores by ages 3 to 4.” Fluorosis is basically the nice way of saying your teeth are rotting…breastfeeding infants or making formula milk with fluoride-free water can help protect small children from developing fluorosis because babies should not be exposed to fluoride at all. Children below the age of 6 years should not use a mouthwash that contains fluoride. Children should be supervised when brushing their teeth to ensure they do not swallow toothpaste (because it’s a poison).
Excess exposure to fluoride can lead to a bone disease known as skeletal fluorosis; this can result in pain and damage to bones and joints. The bones may become hardened and less elastic, increasing the risk of fractures. If the bones thicken and bone tissue accumulates, this can contribute to impaired joint mobility.
In some cases, excess fluoride can damage the parathyroid gland. This can result in hyperparathyroidism, which involves uncontrolled secretion of parathyroid hormones. This can result in a depletion of calcium in bone structures and higher-than-normal concentrations of calcium in the blood. Lower calcium concentrations in bones make them more susceptible to fractures.
The researchers measured fluoride levels in 299 women during pregnancy and in their children between the ages of 6 and 12 years. They tested cognitive ability at the ages of 4 years and between 6 and 12 years. Higher levels of fluoride were associated with lower scores on IQ tests. In 2014, fluoride was documented as a neurotoxin that could be hazardous to child development, along with 10 other industrial chemicals, including lead, arsenic, toluene, and methylmercury. Ask yourself why you know about lead and mercury poisoning but NOT FLUORIDE?
Perfluorinate is a form of fluoride and is a key ingredient in Prozac and many other psychotropic drugs. Prozac, whose scientific name is fluoxetine, is 94 percent fluoride. More than 21 million prescriptions for fluoxetine were filled in the United States in 2006, making it one of the most prescribed antidepressants.
Users of perfluorinate are cautioned to properly dispose of it because it moves through soil and can contaminate drinking water sources but when artificially added to drinking water, we’re told its safe and effective.
Other known side effects of fluoride:
Conclusion:
Fluoride is a medicine. It should be treated as such and administered by a doctor in all instances. No scientific evidence exists for mass medicating the general population. Mass medication in a free republic is repugnant. When the initial “finding” of 1 ppm was made, we were not using fluoride toothpaste, cooking in aluminum pans (or teflon coated ones) with aluminum utensils nor were we bombarded with fluorine additives in pharmaceuticals. The illnesses relating to a toxic overload of fluoride poisoning such as thyroid issues (obesity), reproduction (lower birth rates) and pineal gland disfunction illustrate a direct correlation to the overuse of fluoride in our standard diets.
All water treatment chemicals, with the exception of fluoride, are added to make drinking water safe and pleasant to consume. Fluoride is the only chemical added to treat people who consume the water, rather than the water itself. Fluoridating water supplies can thus fairly be described as a form of mass medication, which is why most European countries have rejected the practice…”
There are approximately 40 million citizens in the US under the age of 10 which have the most to gain (although no one under the age of 2 should be ingesting ANY fluoride). In other words, we are medicating 100% of the population for 13% that may benefit. While not everyone is drinking water fluorinated at home, they are drinking it in restaurants, some bottled water, prepared foods, etc. The ‘recommended’ amount of daily fluoride intake is found in 1-8 oz glass of water per day. Your recommended water intake according to the Mayo Clinic is 11 glasses for women and 15 for men leaving both adult women and men over medicated with no benefit.
As Americans, we are obese, have brittle bones, infertility issues, arthritis, thyroid issues and all have developed significantly since the 1940’s when we were forced into adding fluoride to our municipal water systems by a government propaganda campaign benefiting industrialists looking to offload a toxic waste product; meanwhile we were told it was necessary to reduce cavities but you can see by the chart in the introduction that all countries, regardless of fluorinating water supplies have benefited from lower cavities.
Lastly, consuming inorganic fluoride blocks your body’s ability to properly distribution critical elements your body does need. For example, fluoride is transmitted on the same T3/T4 entities as iodine. However, it displaces or takes priority over iodine on T3/T4. This starves your body of the much needed iodine; iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid disorders.
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Additional Information:
1946 The Kaiser Family Foundation, a “leader in health policy and communications,” was named for Henry J. Kaiser, a wealthy industrialist and ship builder who in 1946 began Kaiser Aluminum. According to foundation literature, “Kaiser campaigns are based on a new model of public service programming pioneered by the Foundation - direct partnerships with major media companies and a comprehensive ‘multiplatform’ communications strategy that goes far beyond traditional ‘PSAs’ [Public Service Announcements].” Current partners in the U.S. include MTV, BET, Univision, Viacom/CBS, and Fox. Together, Kaiser’s campaigns reach tens of millions of people annually, and have won multiple Emmy and Peabody awards in recent years.” It is no wonder that the aluminum waste product fluoride has received such favorable media attention over the years.
1948 Study done in England where bone defects in three groups of school boys were studied. Two groups were from districts where the water supply was practically free of fluorine. The third group was from the town of Launton, where the natural water supply contains 1ppm of fluorine (the same as the level deemed “safe” by the U.S. Public Health Service). X-ray examination revealed that 20 percent of the first two groups had mild non-specific spinal irregularities. In the third group, the one consuming 1ppm fluoride in their water, 64% were found to have spinal defects, and lesions were more severe.
1973 Apparently they could no longer silence the German scientists who had proved that fluoridation is a deadly threat to the population,” wrote Mullins. “Sweden followed West Germany in banning fluoridation, and the Netherlands officially banned it on June 22, 1973, by order of their highest court.”
1986 The Reagan administration’s Environmental Protection Agency raised the “safe” level of sodium fluoride in public water supplies from 2 parts per million gallons to 4 parts, even though one part per million has been shown to impair neurological efficiency.
2007 Despite “heated hearings” in 2003, the Los Angeles–based Metropolitan Water District began fluoridating the drinking water of 18 million Southern Californians in six counties, including San Diego. According to a report by the Environmental Working Group (EWG), a Washington-based, nonprofit organization whose mission is to “protect public health and the environment,” the plan to fluoridate water in Southern California, “will put 14.5 percent of children under one year old, and 12.5 percent of children one to two years old, over the recommended fluoride exposure limits published by the National Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Medicine and endorsed by the American Dental Association. In Los Angeles County alone, more than 40,000 children age two and under will exceed the safe dose.” Bill Walker, EWG’s vice president for the West Coast, pointed to recent studies that call into question claims that fluoridation is safe.
2006 National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council report identified fluoride as a potent hormone disruptor that may affect normal thyroid function; the NAS/NRC report also cited concerns about the potential of fluoride to lower IQ, noting that the, “consistency of study results appears significant enough to warrant additional research on the effects of fluoride on intelligence. That finding was echoed by a December 2006 study published in the prestigious, peer-reviewed journal The Lancet, which identified fluoride as an “emerging” neurotoxin; and a 2006 peer-reviewed study at Harvard strongly supported concerns that fluoridated water is linked to osteo-sarcoma, an often-fatal form of bone cancer, in boys. The Harvard study found a five-fold increase in bone cancer among teenage boys who drank fluoridated water from ages six through eight, compared to those drinking non-fluoridated water.
Summary:
Fluoride was originally approved to be added to water supplies at 1 ppm to address a ‘disease’ of tooth decay.
Fluoride is a prescription drug administered by non medical doctors at water treatment plants
Fluoride administered by local government officials is a prescription level drug administered without any monitoring or follow up on long term benefits or risks
Fluoride is a byproduct from nuclear bomb production and aluminum processing
Long term comparison illustrates no evidence exists of any tooth decay benefit after age 12 & compared to non-fluoridated countries US has no superior beneficial outcome among children under the age of 12
Evidences exists fluoride lowers IQ; causes multiple long term health ailments including Alzheimer’s, arthritis, thyroid disfunction
Fluoride blocks bodies ability to receive iodine and iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid disorders
Thyroid disorder: weight gain, fatigue, poor concentration, depression, diffuse muscle pain, menstrual irregularities, and constipation